Planning: Forecasting demand and aligning production capabilities to meet sales targets.
Sourcing: Vetting suppliers, negotiating contracts, and acquiring raw materials at the best value.
Manufacturing: Producing goods, managing quality control, and maximizing production output.
Delivery & Logistics: Managing warehousing, inventory tracking, and transportation to distribute finished products to customers on time.
Returns Management: Handling product returns, repairs, and recycling (often called reverse logistics)