- Programming Languages: Foundations in C, C++, Java, and Python.
- Data Structures and Algorithms (DSA): The bedrock of efficient problem-solving and software design.
- Database Management Systems (DBMS): Techniques for securely storing, retrieving, and managing large datasets.
- Operating Systems & Computer Networks: Understanding how hardware, software, and global networks communicate.
- Emerging Technologies: Specialized modules in Artificial Intelligence (AI), Machine Learning (ML), Cloud Computing, and IoT. [1, 2]