A urologist is a specialized medical doctor and surgeon who diagnoses, treats, and manages disorders of the urinary tract and the male reproductive system. [ 1 , 2 ] Key Responsibilities Diagnose Conditions: Examine patients, review medical histories, and order or interpret tests like ultrasounds, MRIs, and urinalysis. Treat Disorders: Prescribe medications for infections, erectile dysfunction, and overactive bladders. Perform Surgery: Conduct procedures such as kidney stone removal, prostate biopsies, and robot-assisted or minimally invasive surgeries. Manage Emergencies: Handle urgent cases like urinary tract trauma, infections, and acute obstructions. Educate Patients: Advise patients on preventative care, treatment options, and lifestyle changes